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printmaking techniques
Printmaking techniques can be divided into the following basic categories:
Relief printing, where the ink is on the original surface of the matrix. relief techniques include: woodcuts, wood engraving, linoleum cukil / Linocut and cukil metal / metalcut.
Intaglio, ink under the surface of the matrix. these techniques include: engraving, etching, Mezzotint, aquatint, drypoint and chine-colle;
planografi where the matrix surface remains, just get special treatment in certain parts to create the image / picture. these techniques include: lithography, Monotype and digital techniques
stencils, including screen printing and pochoir.
Another technique in printmaking are not including in this group are 'kolografi' (printing techniques using collage), including giclée digital process, the medium of photography as well as a combination of digital and conventional processes.
Most of the above techniques can also be combined, especially those in the same category. For example, the work of Rembrandt's prints are usually easily called 'etching', but often used the technique of engraving and drypoint, and sometimes none at all his etchings.woodcuts
Woodcuts, is one of the relief printing technique, is the earliest printmaking technique, and is the only one traditionally used in East Asia. The possibility was first developed as a tool to create a pattern printed on fabric, and in the 5th century in China used to print text and images on paper.
Woodcuts on paper developed around 1400 in Europe, and some time later in Japan. On two places, the woodcuts are widely used for the process of making images without text.
Artist sketch board first on a piece of wood, or on paper which is then transferred to a wooden board. Traditional, the artist then handed the design to specific cukil experts, who use sharp tools to mencukil section of the board that will not get ink. The surface height of the board and then inked using a roller, then a sheet of paper, which may be a bit damp, put under the board. Then the boards rubbed with a baren (a tool used in Japan) or a spoon, or through press equipment. If using multiple colors, separate board for each color used.engraving
The process was developed in Germany around the year 1430 of engraving (engraving fine) used by the goldsmiths to decorate their work. use a tool called a burin is a complex skill. Author engraving tool wear from hardened metal called a burin to carve designs into the metal surface, using traditional copper plate. Carving tool has a variety of shapes and sizes produce kinds of different lines. The entire surface of the plate is inked, then the ink cleaned from the surface, leaving behind only the ink that is in the carved lines. Then the plate is placed in a high-pressure press tools along with a sheet of paper (often moistened to soften). The paper then takes the ink out of line engraving (section carved), producing printed works.etching
Etching technique is part of a group along with the engraving intaglio, drypoint, and aquatint Mezzotint. This process is believed that the inventors are Daniel Hopfer (about 1470-1536) of Augsburg, Germany, who decorated armor with this technique. Later became a rival engraving etching as a medium of popular graphic art. The advantage is that, unlike engraving which requires special skill in carpentry metal, etching is relatively easy to learn by the artist who used to draw. Etching prints are generally linear and often contain fine detail and contours. The line varies from smooth to rough. Etching techniques as opposed to woodcuts, etching the surface of the ink-free high, the low surface resist ink. At first sheet metal plate (usually copper, zinc or steel) covered with a layer of wax kind. Then the artist scraping the coating with a sharp etching needle, leaving the metal exposed. Plate is then dipped in a solution of acid or acid solution disapukan on it. Acid will erode part etched plate (the metal part that is open / not coated). After that, a layer of the remaining cleared from the plate, and the subsequent printing process similar to the engraving process.aquatint
Is a variation of the etching. Such as etching, aquatint using acid to create an image printed on a metal plate. On
needle etching technique is used to create a line that will be the color ink jet, aquatint uses powdered
acid-resistant resin to create tonal effects.
Most of the graphic works of Goya used aquatint technique.Mezzotint
One other way in the intaglio technique in which a metal plate first be roughened surface evenly; images produced with smooth scrape the surface, creating images made from dark to light. It may also create mengkasarkan images with only certain parts of it, working from light to dark colors. Mezzotint is known for the quality of its rich tones: first, because the surface evenly dikasarkan hold a lot of ink, resulting in a solid color printing, secondly, because the process of smoothing the texture by using a burin, or other device produces smoother gradations to develop tone.
Mezzotint method discovered by Ludwig von Siegen (1609-1680). This process is widely used in the United Kingdom from the mid-eighteenth century, to reproduce photos and paintings.screen printing
Also known as screen printing or screen printing serigrafi create solid color using a stencil technique. At first artist to draw the files on a piece of paper or plastic (sometimes also used film.) Image is then hollowed out to create a stencil. (Hollow part is the part that will be painted.) A screen is made of a piece of fabric (originally used to use silk) is stretched over a wooden frame. Furthermore stencil attached to the screen. Then the screen is placed on dry paper or cloth. Poured ink on the side of the screen. A rakel of rubber used to flatten the ink across the screen, over the stencil, and headed paper or cloth. Screen removed when the image is transferred to paper / cloth. Each color requires a separate stencil. Screen can be used again after cleaning.digital printing
Digital printing refers to the image / images created by a computer using the pictures, other printing techniques, photos, light pen and tablet, and so on. These images can be printed on a variety of materials including on paper, cloth or plastic canvas. Accurate color reproduction is the key difference between high-quality digital prints with low quality. Metallic colors (gold, silver) are difficult to reproduce accurately because the light would bounce off and turning on the digital scanner. High quality digital prints typically are reproduced using high-resolution data files with very high-precision printers. Digital printing can be printed on a standard desktop printer paper and then transferred to a traditional paper art (eg, Velin Arch or Stonehenge 200gsm). One way to transfer files is to put a face surface prints, art paper and then smeared with oil Wintergreen behind the mold, then pressed.
Sociologist Jean Baudrillard has great influence in the digital graphic arts through theory diuraikannya in simulacra and simulation.
Printmaking techniques can be divided into the following basic categories:
Relief printing, where the ink is on the original surface of the matrix. relief techniques include: woodcuts, wood engraving, linoleum cukil / Linocut and cukil metal / metalcut.
Intaglio, ink under the surface of the matrix. these techniques include: engraving, etching, Mezzotint, aquatint, drypoint and chine-colle;
planografi where the matrix surface remains, just get special treatment in certain parts to create the image / picture. these techniques include: lithography, Monotype and digital techniques
stencils, including screen printing and pochoir.
Another technique in printmaking are not including in this group are 'kolografi' (printing techniques using collage), including giclée digital process, the medium of photography as well as a combination of digital and conventional processes.
Most of the above techniques can also be combined, especially those in the same category. For example, the work of Rembrandt's prints are usually easily called 'etching', but often used the technique of engraving and drypoint, and sometimes none at all his etchings.woodcuts
Woodcuts, is one of the relief printing technique, is the earliest printmaking technique, and is the only one traditionally used in East Asia. The possibility was first developed as a tool to create a pattern printed on fabric, and in the 5th century in China used to print text and images on paper.
Woodcuts on paper developed around 1400 in Europe, and some time later in Japan. On two places, the woodcuts are widely used for the process of making images without text.
Artist sketch board first on a piece of wood, or on paper which is then transferred to a wooden board. Traditional, the artist then handed the design to specific cukil experts, who use sharp tools to mencukil section of the board that will not get ink. The surface height of the board and then inked using a roller, then a sheet of paper, which may be a bit damp, put under the board. Then the boards rubbed with a baren (a tool used in Japan) or a spoon, or through press equipment. If using multiple colors, separate board for each color used.engraving
The process was developed in Germany around the year 1430 of engraving (engraving fine) used by the goldsmiths to decorate their work. use a tool called a burin is a complex skill. Author engraving tool wear from hardened metal called a burin to carve designs into the metal surface, using traditional copper plate. Carving tool has a variety of shapes and sizes produce kinds of different lines. The entire surface of the plate is inked, then the ink cleaned from the surface, leaving behind only the ink that is in the carved lines. Then the plate is placed in a high-pressure press tools along with a sheet of paper (often moistened to soften). The paper then takes the ink out of line engraving (section carved), producing printed works.etching
Etching technique is part of a group along with the engraving intaglio, drypoint, and aquatint Mezzotint. This process is believed that the inventors are Daniel Hopfer (about 1470-1536) of Augsburg, Germany, who decorated armor with this technique. Later became a rival engraving etching as a medium of popular graphic art. The advantage is that, unlike engraving which requires special skill in carpentry metal, etching is relatively easy to learn by the artist who used to draw. Etching prints are generally linear and often contain fine detail and contours. The line varies from smooth to rough. Etching techniques as opposed to woodcuts, etching the surface of the ink-free high, the low surface resist ink. At first sheet metal plate (usually copper, zinc or steel) covered with a layer of wax kind. Then the artist scraping the coating with a sharp etching needle, leaving the metal exposed. Plate is then dipped in a solution of acid or acid solution disapukan on it. Acid will erode part etched plate (the metal part that is open / not coated). After that, a layer of the remaining cleared from the plate, and the subsequent printing process similar to the engraving process.aquatint
Is a variation of the etching. Such as etching, aquatint using acid to create an image printed on a metal plate. On
needle etching technique is used to create a line that will be the color ink jet, aquatint uses powdered
acid-resistant resin to create tonal effects.
Most of the graphic works of Goya used aquatint technique.Mezzotint
One other way in the intaglio technique in which a metal plate first be roughened surface evenly; images produced with smooth scrape the surface, creating images made from dark to light. It may also create mengkasarkan images with only certain parts of it, working from light to dark colors. Mezzotint is known for the quality of its rich tones: first, because the surface evenly dikasarkan hold a lot of ink, resulting in a solid color printing, secondly, because the process of smoothing the texture by using a burin, or other device produces smoother gradations to develop tone.
Mezzotint method discovered by Ludwig von Siegen (1609-1680). This process is widely used in the United Kingdom from the mid-eighteenth century, to reproduce photos and paintings.screen printing
Also known as screen printing or screen printing serigrafi create solid color using a stencil technique. At first artist to draw the files on a piece of paper or plastic (sometimes also used film.) Image is then hollowed out to create a stencil. (Hollow part is the part that will be painted.) A screen is made of a piece of fabric (originally used to use silk) is stretched over a wooden frame. Furthermore stencil attached to the screen. Then the screen is placed on dry paper or cloth. Poured ink on the side of the screen. A rakel of rubber used to flatten the ink across the screen, over the stencil, and headed paper or cloth. Screen removed when the image is transferred to paper / cloth. Each color requires a separate stencil. Screen can be used again after cleaning.digital printing
Digital printing refers to the image / images created by a computer using the pictures, other printing techniques, photos, light pen and tablet, and so on. These images can be printed on a variety of materials including on paper, cloth or plastic canvas. Accurate color reproduction is the key difference between high-quality digital prints with low quality. Metallic colors (gold, silver) are difficult to reproduce accurately because the light would bounce off and turning on the digital scanner. High quality digital prints typically are reproduced using high-resolution data files with very high-precision printers. Digital printing can be printed on a standard desktop printer paper and then transferred to a traditional paper art (eg, Velin Arch or Stonehenge 200gsm). One way to transfer files is to put a face surface prints, art paper and then smeared with oil Wintergreen behind the mold, then pressed.
Sociologist Jean Baudrillard has great influence in the digital graphic arts through theory diuraikannya in simulacra and simulation.
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